A Socio Cultural Analysis of Singapore

A Socio Cultural Analysis of Singapore 1. Introduction 1.1 Singapore Singapore is an island country which is one of the four Asian tiger countries. Singapore is regarded as one of the worlds most prosperous countries with strong international trading links and its per capita GDP is equal to leading nations of Europe. (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html). According to the singstat.gov.sg, Singapore had the population of 4,987,600 people in 2009 and 3,200,700 were Singapore citizen. The rest 2 million were other nationalities. These nationalities are Chinese, Indonesians, Indians, Malays, Vietnamese, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodians and so forth. These nationalities settle in Singapore for various purposes. Thus, Singapore is regarded as the multicultural country. 1.2 Socio-Cultural Analysis of Singapore According to Geert Hofstedes five cultural dimensions, following cultural dimension indexes are indentified. Power distance index 74 Individualism index 20 Masculinity index 48 Uncertainty avoidance index 8 Long-term orientation index 48 Table1. Five cultural dimensions of Singapore Therefore, Singapore is collectivism country due to the individualism index of 20. As it is a high collectivism society, less powerful number of people accepts the unequal power distribution among the family or organization which is common in high collectivism society. Masculinity index of 48 proves both female and males in Singapore have equal opportunity for their lives. The most interesting index is uncertainty avoidance index which is 8. Therefore, Singaporeans are regarded as risk takers who prefer changes and challenges. As for the long term orientation index, Singapore has the index of 48 which is normal, neither long-term nor short-term oriented. In order to relate, Geert Hofstede five cultural dimension indexes and the impact on marketing, following facts are indentified. Firstly, as power distance index of Singapore is 74 which is high, therefore, marketing luxury items, global brands, high quality and innovative products works in Singapore as in high power distance culture, one social status must be clear to be respected by others. Marketing products in Singapore should focus on needs of a society, family and group rather than individual due to the individualism index of 20. Moreover, products in Singapore should be continuously innovative, value added and features are to be improved as the uncertainty avoidance is very low, 8. As Singapore is normal in long/short term orientation index, products can be either long term or short term purposes. Similarly, masculinity index of Singapore is 48 that mean balance in values of both masculinity and femininity. From the marketing perspective, products that are marketed to masculin e culture should be status products as masculinity refers to achievement, success and recognition. 1.3 Economic Analysis Economy of Singapore depends heavily on exports, which are consumer electronics and information technology products. Singapore practised successful free market economy with corruption free environment. Per-capita GDP of Singapore is equivalent to that of four largest West-European countries (www.nationmaster.com). GDP per capita of Singapore in 2009 was approximately 50,300 USD. In 2008 and 2007, it was 52,200 USD and 52,300 USD respectively according to CIA world facts book. Based on the World Banks doing business 2010 and 2009 report, Singapore is ranked #1 in ease of doing business. Moreover, Singapore is also ranked #1 in employing workers and trading across borders. As for the closing business Singapore is ranked #2. As for the low corruption rate, Singapore is ranked #1 in Asia and #4 in the world. In order to increase the growth of Singapores economy, government decided to create the two integrated resorts with casino licenses. Marina Bay Sands was awarded the first license which is a more business focused integrated resort. Second license was awarded to Resorts world at Sentosa, a family oriented integrated resort. These integrated resorts are expected to produce 35,000 jobs. The Singapore government attracts large scale of foreign investment by enforcing two policies which are pro-foreign investment and export-oriented. According to economywatch.com, United States is the leading investor in Singapore. There are a number of factors influences the economic development of Singapore. The main reason is due to the increasing demand of electronic products around the world which benefits the Singapore as it is the major producer of electronic goods. Other industries contributed in economic growth of Singapore are pharmaceuticals, financial services and manufacturing.The 2. Product According to socio-cultural analysis using by Geert Hofstede five cultural dimension model, furniture products made of teak are decided to market Singapore. These products are manufactured by Myanmar Teak Company limited is using precious teaks from Myanmar. Most of the furniture in Singapore is made of leathers, fibre, iron, plastics, recycled woods and so forth. Although there is some furniture made from wood, it is very difficult to find furniture made of teak. 2.1 Relative Advantage Furniture made from teak is usually expensive and regarded as luxury furniture because teaks are expensive as it takes decades to get teak trees and its advantages. Furniture made from teak is durable, strong, and resistant to moisture, fire, acid and alkalis. Moreover, it is highly resistant from rotting, sun, rain, frost or snow. Once it is bought, it can be used for many decades. Furniture made of teak is easy to clean from spilled drinks and food while others are hard to remove the stains. Although the natural colour of the teak is golden brown, it can be changed to reddish brown or dark brown. Therefore, the colour of the teak is easy to alter and colour will sustain for a long time. Another advantage of teak is producing natural oils that prevent termites and wood damaging insects. This natural oil maintains the solidness of the wood, life span and strength which therefore unnecessary for the user to apply chemicals. Resistant to weathers, rotting and wood damaging insects make teak furniture to be ageless. Teak is easy to shape and craft. 2.2 Compatibility Teak furniture is compatible for Singapore, according to high power distance index (74) of Hofstede. Having teak furniture show the high status and wealth of that person comparing to other furniture made of fibre, plastic, and recycled woods. In Singapore, decorating home with arts, sculptures, furniture, lighting and latest electronic products are found in house of wealthy people. Teak furniture is mainly used in International hotels, high-class restaurants, and furniture of international companies especially for meeting tables. International hotels and high-class restaurants have furniture made of teak because westerners and Europeans value teak furniture and handicraft products. 2.3 Trialability Furniture showrooms in Singapore allow customers to try before purchase. For example, customer can sit on the couch or sofa to test the comfort of the products. In Singapore, furniture showrooms are decorated with its product. Decorating furniture show rooms with its products enable customers to test the product, understand the convenience of the product, and get the idea how products can be designed in particular location. For example, in IKEA all furniture is shown to try and test before the purchase. Customers are allowed to use the tables, sit on chairs and sofa and lie on bed. 3. The Market 3.1 Geographical Region Singapore is located at the South East Asia which is surrounded by Malaysia and Indonesia. Singapore is also known as an island Nation which is 3.5 times size of the Washington DC according to nationmaster.com. It has total area of 692.7 km that had a population of 4,987,600 people in 2009. Singapore has smaller islands which are Jurong, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin, and Sentosa. Among them, Sentosa is the largest one. Highest point of Singapore is Bukit Timah which is 166m above sea level whereas the lowest point is Singapore Strait 0m which is a major shipping route of South East Asia. In Singapore, climate is hot, tropical, humid and rainy. There are two distinct monsoon seasons which are North-eastern monsoon starting from December to March and South-western monsoon takes June to September. 3.2 Transportation Public transportation is the major source of transportation heavily used by people for daily purposes. Public transportation includes MRT, LRT, and Buses. SMRT Corporation Ltd (SMRT) is Singapores multi-modal transport service provider offering integrated island-wide transport services including trains, buses, and taxis. SBS transit started its operation in 2003 which is North East Line, a highly advanced fully automated new underground heavy rail system. This NEL had a daily user of 325,433 in 2009 which is 20 kilometers long and include 16 stations from punggol to Harborfront. According to data of Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore and Changi Airport Group Pte Ltd, number of aircraft arrivals and departures were 120,184 and 120176 respectively for both passengers and parcel/mail. Aircraft is major transportation for arriving and departing Singapore, according to data of passenger arrival/departure by using aircraft. In year 2009, passenger data of arrival and departure was recorded as 18,026,000 passengers arrival and 18,063,000 departures. As for the parcel/mail incoming and outgoing by aircraft in 2009 were 12113 and 14945 tonnes. By looking at the Data of Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, ships are the major source of transporting cargos and containers. According to data, in 2009, 130575 vessels arrived in Singapore by shipping 1784669(000) giga tonne. Air cargos were mainly used by North East Asian Countries due to discharged tonnes of 377,184 in year 2009. These North East Asian Countries include China, Hong Kong, Republic of Korea and Taiwan. Total air cargo discharged tonnes by various countries and regions in 2009 were 846,671. Table1. Describes the number of population using vehicles in 2007-2009 Table.1 the number population used of vehicles in year 2007, 2008 and 2009 were as follows 2007 2008 2009 Car 505,987 540,455 566,608 Rental Cars 11,054 12,391 12,763 Taxis 24,446 24,300 24,702 Buses 14,530 15,327 16,023 Motor Cycles Scooter 144,340 146,120 147,215 Goods Other Vehicles 150,979 156,089 158,207 Total 851,336 894,682 925,518 Adopted from Land transport Authority 3.3 Communication There were 1.857 million fixed telephone users in 2008 whereas 6.375 million users were mobile cellular users. Presently, there are three communication service providers that are SingTel, Star hub and M1. 3G wireless service was launched in February 2005. As for the internet service, most of the people use broad band internet service provided by three internet service providers. According to data of Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore, Media Development Authority and Singapore Post which were collected at April 2010, there were 2046.7(000) of broadband internet users including xDSL, cable modems, leased line internet and other broadband internet access methods. Dial-up internet users were only 75.1(000) users. As for the mobile phone users for both 3G and 2G, there were 6920.2(000) users while the fixed mobile users were unknown. There is Sing post postal service which delivers mails and parcels to most of the countries around the world. 4. Consumer Buying Habits 4.1 Product use pattern In Singapore, furniture is one of the essential products for buildings. People use furniture for daily purposes. Furniture is essentially indeed products in Singapore due to the increasing number of residents, international students, employees from around the world, Singapore requires more housings, schools and universities, hotels and restaurants. Therefore, furniture is required for those housings, universities, schools, hotels and restaurants. In Singapore, 76.8% are Chinese according to nationmaster.com. Chinese usually value arts and handicraft. Moreover, Chinese buy new furniture for their houses after Chinese new-year because Chinese belief that if they can buy new products in this New Year and they believe that they will enable to buy in next New Year. 4.2 Product preference In general, Singapore prefers light, small and cheap furniture because most of the Singaporean lives in condominium and flats. As for the restaurants and international hotels, teak furniture is preferred most, in order to show their status and position. Tastes and preferences can vary among customers. 4.3 Shopping Habits According to the study of (Neilson, 2009) Singapore had changed shopping habits due to current financial crisis. This study shows that 70 percent of the consumer spent only on essential products. However, latest Nielsen Global consumer index shows that Global consumer index of Singapore in second quarter of 2010 increased to index of 112 that is nearly as 114 in third-quarter of 2007. Therefore, percentage of consumers who believed that Singapore was in recession had declined from 28 percent to 17 percent in Q2 2010. According to the survey conducted in 2006 to 22,000 internet users in 42 markets, it was revealed that 74% of consumers admitted that shopping as form of entertainment. Similarly, in Singapore shopping was considered as a form of entertainment due to nine out of 10 respondents replies. 7% of Singaporean went shopping twice a week or more often although others went shopping with lesser extent. 22% of Singaporeans did it weekly while 32 percent shopped once a month. 29% sh opped more than once a month and 10 percent never shopped. Moreover, Singapore was the only Asian country which made it through to the global top 10 which agreed with the therapeutic effect of clothes shopping. According to the data, following pie chart is identified. Source: adopted form www.acnielsen.com.sg/news/20060719.shtml 5. Distribution of the product In Singapore, furniture can be bought from either from retailers or manufacturers. Some Furniture manufacturers place products both on retail shop while others sell by own showrooms. Furthermore, there are countless of small furniture shops and showrooms in Singapore. The largest furniture retail store in Singapore is IKEA which is followed by Courts. 6. Advertising and promotion As for the advertising, if it is to reach international hotels and restaurants, sending product catalog is the best way to get attention. Advertising on television by targeting on restaurants and international hotel is also considered effective way of advertising. In advertising on television by showing elegant and modernized teak furniture can attract the attention of high-class customer. Similarly, as for the advertising high class society, same media can be used to attract customers. Direct marketing can be also used to for both high-class society and hotels and restaurants. Moreover, participating in furniture shows held by Singapore Furniture Industry Council will also draw the attention of respective customer. According to (Russell, 2006) Singapore market drew 17,838 visitors from 112 countries which was the largest ever. Additionally, according to the press release of international furniture fair Singapore, the fair held in March 2010 attracted the 17,277 visitors from 112 countries. This fair was held for 4days from 9 to 12 March 2010. In Singapore, furniture is discounted by percentage in some seasons. Sales discount depends on furniture. Some furniture may be discounted 20% while others are discounted 10% only. 7. Compare and contrast with competitors products 7.1 competitors products Mozaic is a Singapore brand that is integrated by successful Singapore furniture companies which satisfy the needs and wants of customers by providing specially crafted products. Combination of West and East business practices, designs, availability of resources, Singapore Mozaic fulfils the satisfaction of customer around the world. Wholesale Teak Company manufactures furniture with highest quality. Wholesale teak company furniture includes teak furniture, resort furniture and antique furniture of Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, classic French, classic English, Italy sofa and Italy furniture. Wholesale Teak Company have achieved the following reputations, the best whole sale teak furniture, antique furniture, classic furniture, Italy sofa and Italy furniture specialist. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8189661.stm http://www.warc.com/news/topnews.asp?ID=25256 http://www.furnituresingapore.com/ http://www.acnielsen.com.sg/news/NewsReleaseJuly212010.shtml http://www.acnielsen.com.sg/news/20060719.shtml http://www.iffs.com.sg/press_20012010.asp http://www.asiaone.com/Business/News/SME%2BCentral/Story/A1Story20080310-53515.html http://www.singaporemozaic.com/mozaic_cms/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=4Itemid=4 http://www.wholesaleteakcompany.com/html/about_us__teak_furniture.html

“Three Men in a Boat and Nothing of the Dog” Analyses

â€Å"Three men in a boat and nothing of the dog† The story I am going to screen is entitled â€Å"Three men in a boat and to say nothing about the dog†. It was written by a famous English writer Jerome Klapka Jerome. He born in Walsall, Staffordshire, England on May 2nd, 1859, in the family of a preacher and coal mine owner. Leaving school at the age of fourteen after his mother's death, Jerome worked such diverse jobs as a railway clerk, a journalist, and a schoolmaster. He also tried himself as an actor, playwright, editor, and at last he found fame through his writing.His first book â€Å"On Stage and off† was published in 1888. In 1889, Jerome published the humorous Three Men in a Boat. It might be interesting to know that these three characters are based on Jerome himself and two real-life friends, George Wingrave and Carl Hentschel, with whom he often took boating trips. The dog, Montmorency, is really fictional but, Jerome K. Jerome admits that in all Eng lishmen, contains an element of the dog. What brought him fame was his original idea and using simple plot structure which helps readers to understand and be involved in the story.Let me introduce a brief plot of the story for the film: As the beginning of the story three main characters come to Sonning, a town on the river Themes, where they decide to put up for the night. After that friends have plenty of time that is enough to cook a supper. In the inciting incident, they make up their mind to prepare an Irish stew; therefore, it would be a good opportunity for gentlemen to eat all odds and ends. Next we’ll show the process of cooking in details, and it is used as rising actions of the story.In climax, Montmorency, the dog, brings a dead rat, which is the point of a little discussion. Finally, all the characters are satisfied with the supper that means that the Irish stew was very tasty and delicious. To understand how the friends successfully managed to prepare an Irish s tew we should analyze the characters of each hero. . As for George, he is household and a leader, because he proposed to make an Irish stew. He gathered woods and made a fire, it means that he’s an experience cooker. In addition, he is creative, that is proved by his adding ll odds and ends to the stew. And as it’s said, every housekeeper has his own recipe of the Irish stew, so George used all his knowledge and imagination and invented his own recipe. He is hard-working and level-headed. Moreover he determined and economical; it can be seen in all his actions and metaphor words: â€Å"Oh, that won’t do! You’re wasting them. You must scrape them. † To say more, George refused the idea of adding a dead water rat to the stew, and that’s enough to say that he is a very conservative gentleman.To tell about Harris, I can say that he is totally emotional, open-minded and joyful. Besides, he is sociable, cheerful, enthusiastic and talkative. Harris suggested adding the water rat, brought by Montmorency. He must be very extravagant and experimental, so even judge George to be a man hampering the world’s progress. Harris’s partner of scraping and peeling potatoes was easy-going and single-minded narrator. I think he is calm and flexible, and at the same time is very enthusiastic, talkative and romantic, judging by the way he describes the sonning and nature.I think they are all romantic because they were all inspired by the idea of making this great trip. And they enjoy and admire the nature, new places and their adventures. To show their joy characters there’s such hyperbole is used â€Å"I should never have thought that peeling potatoes such an undertaking†. Then the author uses such stylistic devise as metaphor, for example ‘they stood in the potato-scrapings half-smothered†. Judging by dialogues of the main characters of the story – Harris, George and the narrator, it’s clearly that they are intelligent and well-mannered people.The author uses indirect speech in order to male characters contrast. He avoids stock characters; they are quite individual and original. It’s hard to identify a development of the characters, they just try to travel and learn how to survive without early experience. The author describes the actions in ironical and humorous way. The method of presentation is subjective and the reader sees everything from first-person narration. Also that method helps the readers to feel the atmosphere of the story and imagine themselves on the heroes’ place.Every use of language devices presents how Mr. Klapka Jerome talented and skillful. In fact, Jerome K. Jerome is famous for his art of story-telling, the basis of our screen adaptation is the way the author presents the situation. The atmosphere of the story is warm and his vivid style and humour which is generally expressed in laughter-provoking situations often based on mi sunderstanding created a bright and comfort mood and witty and ironic tone. The story is full of such stylistic devises as metaphors, epithets, similes and hyperboles.And they help us to image town and understand what the characters felt at that time. While describing Sonning the narrator uses simile â€Å"it’s more like a stage village than one built of bricks and mortar†; it’s also used metaphor â€Å"every house is smothered in roses† to show how beautiful houses were. The language of the story is rich in colloquial idioms and phrases. Each sentence contains a complete thought, and the writer makes it a point to have all the causes of events fully expressed, without leaving anything for guesswork on the reader’s part.The author’s manner is highly emotional and in that time is easy to read and understand the topic of the story. The idea of our film would be real friendship. It is proved by the title of the story and the behavior of the mai n characters, which respect each other and stay friends in spite of little quarrels. The main idea is not expressed in a straightforward categorical manner, but it’s clear how important to stay friends during long period of time, don’t hurt each other and be ready to help in any case.And the river Thames seems to symbolize the life-stream and the boat is like friendship itself that helps us to avoid and solve problems. And in conclusion I’d like to say that our film would teach people to be friendly and look at problems in a humorous way, that’s very important in our life and what more not to turn the life into a routine. We are people and should not only work, spend and earn money but we also should develop, travel and pay attention to life values.

Bach Fugue 16 in G Minor, BWV 861 Analysis Essay

Johann Sebastian Bach’s Fugue 16 in G Minor is an example of a conventional fugue. What is interesting about this piece is that the body of the fugue is comprised of fragments of the subject and countersubject. The material within the episodes are a unique to this fugue. Also, inversions are found in key spots within the piece, and also create a similarity between the answer and countersubject. Within the first 3 measures, you find Bach brilliantly transcripts the first part of the answer and positions it at the end of the countersubject in an inversion. You also find that there is an inversion between the beginning of the countersubject and the end of the answer. Something similar, using this technique, arises at M. 24 in the alto and soprano voice. The ascending D, E-natural, F-sharp, and G sixteenth note figure is found in an inversion, a descending D, C, B-flat, and A figure, leading into an episode. Normally, episodes do not contain any subject matter, but Bach cleverly placed fragments of the subject and countersubject to aid in modulating to the next closely related key. Measures 8-11, episode one, the fragment(s) are heard throughout every count in different voices, modulating to the relative major of B-flat.; this, as well, occurs in episode two. Episode three, occurring in mm. 24-27, is, to some extent, contrastive to the rest of the piece. Here, tonicization back to the home key takes place, while the bass voice begins to mimic a kind of augmentation. The first note of every eighth two sixteenth figure, in order, outlines the subject of the fugue. Together, these two compositional techniques successfully modulated back to the home key of G Minor. In essence, whether it be the episodes modulating to a new key, or tonicizing back to G Minor, the entire fugue comes solely from the subject. Bach achieves this by using fragments of the subject, inversions, tonicization, and augmentation. With these techniques, J.S. Bach had successfully composed his Fugue 16 in G Minor.

Biology Sample Quiz - 3986 Words

Republic of the Philippines SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY College of Arts and Sciences Lucban, Quezon NSC01- Biological Sciences (Lecture) Removal Examination Name: Course and Year: Date: GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Type your answer in a separate file, submit it one hour after you received this exam. You may open your notes. Late submission will not be accepted. Please email me: restanmarkalvin@yahoo.com. Do not answer questions in RED. Good luck. _____1. The metabolic rate of a resting, fasting, nonstressed ectotherm at a particular temperature is called A. metabolic rate B. BMR C. SMR D. budget allocation _____2. The internal environment of vertebrates is called A. blood B. interstitial fluid C. hemolyph D. plasma _____3. It allows its†¦show more content†¦Which of the following is not an adaptation for reducing the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment A. feathers or fur C. nonshivering thermogenesis B. vasoconstriction D. countercurrent heat exchanger _____26. Which of the following physiological responses is an example of positive feedback? A. An increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood stimulates the pancreas to secrete insu lin, a hormone that lowers blood concentration level B. A high concentration of CO2 in the blood causes deeper, more rapid breathing, which expels CO2 C. Stimulation of a nerve cell causes sodium ions to leak into the cell, and the sodium influx triggers the inward leaking of even more sodium D. The body’s production of red blood cells, which transport oxygen from the lungs to other organs, is stimulated by a low concentration of oxygen. _____27. Which of the following animals is incorrectly paired with its feeding mechanism? A. lion-substrate feeder C. Aphid- fluid feeder B. Baleen whale- suspension feeder D. Clam- suspension feeder _____28. Individuals whose diet consists primarily of corn would likely become A. obese B. anorexic C. undernourished D. malnourished _____29. Which of the following enzymes has the lowest pH optimum? A. salivary amylase B. trypsin C. pepsin D. pancreatic amylase _____30. Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function? 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Ethics And Supply Chain Case Study - 1647 Words

Ethics and supply chain By VARUN PRAKASH @03021576 Abstract Supply chain is a major part of a business. It is a huge network which involves suppliers, customers, retailers, distributors and transporters. Supply chain is all about getting right goods at right place at a right price and at a right time .Time plays a very important role in any business .Time is money .Suppliers and customers are the two major participant’s .Demand and supply plays a very important role for a company’s profitability. Every company looks for profitability .In order to gain a competitive advantage over another company costs must be lowered throughout the chain by driving out unnecessary expenses and they also should take†¦show more content†¦The customers and the suppliers are classified on different tiers. Here the importance level differs .They are ranked depending on their performance or the product they supply. As we all know supply chain is all about distributing a product or service ‘‘from the supplier’s supplier to t he customer’s customer.’’ This can be done efficiently if the firms focuses on working with their immediate suppliers and customers to satisfy the end customers. In order to get a proper idea about the end customers demand detailed market research and analysis has to be carried out .This can be made easy by sharing information among the channel partners .The issue of unethical and illegal activities in the business environment is one that no business can afford to take lightly .An unethical behavior can cost a company a lot .It will have a bad influence on the growth of the company .Intense competition ,corruption high taxes have made most of the companies susceptible to unethical behavior . The companies following unethical behavior may not last long. Ethics involve environmental safety, labor rights, working with honesty and integrity etc. Ethics to be followed The organization has to ensure the safety, health and well-being of their workers, no matter where their workers are employed. The employees must not use their positions for personal

Vitamin D Deficiency - 852 Words

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in the world. Several lines of evidence support a relation between seasonal variations in serum vitamin D and higher relapse rates in MS patients in winter. Objective: To examine whether levels of vitamin D are associated with multiple sclerosis relapse. Methods: In this study 60 patients in relapse and 60 patients in remission matched controls were included. Results: patients in relapse had significantly lower 25(OH) D levels than 60 patients in remission matched controls (p= 0.004), Vitamin D insufficiency (10 ng/ml) was significantly higher in patients in relapse compared to those in remission (p= 0.03). Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that an association between lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and higher risk of relapse among people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, 25-hydroxy vitamin D Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder of the CNS, that most common affecting among young adults, particularly more prevalence in high-latitude regions (1-4), and believed to affect over 2 million people in the worldwide (5). Although the aetiology of MS remains unclear, but the prevailing thought is that MS is triggered by both genetic and environmental factors and their interactions have been implicated in developing MS (6). Vitamin D is a steroid vitamin that acts like a hormone and we get vitamin D from two sources: exposure to sunlight and food,Show MoreRelatedThe Truth about Vitamin D Deficiency Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesVitamin D deficiency: In the event that you avoid the sun, experience the ill effects of milk anaphylaxes, or stick to a strict veggie lover diet, you may be at danger for vitamin D inadequacy. 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Relationship between HR and Technology-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the relationship between the HR and the technology. Answer: Introduction The world is like a global village now where the technologies are improving, the internet and computers are everywhere and it reduces the human efforts on every possible thing. Meanwhile, the scenario of the companies is changing with the rise in technology and the more improved version of the communication in the world wide. Technology has become the essential part of every organization. The functions of the various companies as well as the firms are changing with the use of the new technologies. The HR technology is now used by the small, medium and large firms to meet the demands of the stakeholders in time (Banerji, 2013). Information about the employees in the company, about the recent market strategies, about the previous data stored in the database are now easy to get with the help of various technologies the organization has adopted. The relationship between the HR and the technology is now the centre of attraction. The relationship helps in managing the firm's capital. The companies are now developing various web based technologies to deliver the service in time to the clients. It also helps the organization in the recruitment, training, data storage, retrieval, in the communication process between the user and the client, performance management and much more (Bulmash, 2006). Definitions The advancement in the technology is now helping the HR to improve the proficiency in the business. They attract the eyes of each individual, hire them, maintain the human resource, and also help in optimization of the human resource management. The methods are now used by the different stakeholders, managers of the organization, employees and even the HR professionals (Chelladurai Kerwin, 2017). The technology is now making it easier to gather the information in a minimum time, deliver it to the clients in a more efficient way and maintains a smooth flow of communication between the employees as well as the with the higher level authorities. It decreases the burden of the HR department that helps to focus more on the HR activities which helps in taking in the effective decisions for the organization (Harel Tzafrir, 1999). The traditional system of the HR was only to focus on the labor management. Now the situation is totally different as they are now focusing more on the company's planning and the strategic decisions. Apart from this, they are now more interested in the selection, training, and development of the employees, performance appraisal, incentives and rewards and also on the industrial progress (Jain, 2014). A number of tools were developed for the selection of the employees, for the training, to check the performance of the employees and much more. The tools are like the e-recruiting system, e-selection system, e-performance system etc The human resource information technology (HRIT) now makes it easy to gather various information stored in the database, provides all the necessary information about the policies and publications and much more (Khanka, 2007). Issue one Every company maintains a different database where a front end, a back end, and middle ware is maintained. All these three are tightly coupled with each other. When the number of data is increasing, the integration between these three is losing. For example, a small company maintains some few sheet of excel to store the records of the employees, but when the Microsoft comes to the limelight these few sheets are not enough to store the data. For maintaining the record of more than 3000 employees a greater volume of the storage is required (Ulrich et al., 1995). When the volume of the data is more, then the retrieval of the information from the stored data is difficult and takes time if the technology used in the backend is not updated. The platform on which the developers are running the codes varies from one company to the other. Some companies are running it on the JAVA platform whereas some run it on the other. The database in that case also varies from one system to the other (Marchington et al., 2016). There are some updated systems which are able to accommodate a huge number of data whereas some devices are unable of it. Various platforms provide different advantages to the codes if they have an updated device along with the all the software (Purce, 2014). For example, when one MNC company is storing the information of several employees they store the each and every detail of that particular employee like name, previous details, family details, and much more. When the number of employees increases, then the information about each person also increases. The company deals with thousands of employees and on regular basis, they check the progress of the employees. Sometimes when the managers are searching the details they fail to find it. It happens because of the device which is running with a slow processor as well as with the outdated technology. The data is maintained in the database in a different manner which is completely unique from the user point of view. The backend process is different from the front end. Various levels of schemes are maintained based on the clustering pattern (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). Whatever the data is necessary for the managers that will be shown to them, whatever is necessary for the employee they will see only those data and even the other members of the company have different access to the data. Sometimes this fails due to the excess data and less integration between the schemas. The issues related to various technologies in the organization are common. Each developer maintains a code for every data that is important for the company. When some faults occur in the system the entire data set is lost which brings a huge loss for the company (Thite, 2013). Such type of situations occurs when the system is overloaded with data and unable to process more. The developers include the third parties which again takes a huge amount of time to replace the losses. With the increase in the data, there is always a possibility of viruses into the device. The entire system gets corrupted with the rise in the viruses and malware. Gaps in the literature The various problems about the HR technology were mentioned in the articles but to overcome those issues were limited. They have mentioned about the problems occurring in the companies related to the management of various data but to deal with them is not given (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). For the effective transformation of data, various things are important to consider like debugging process, alert process and much more. Although there is a shift from the traditional approach of HR functions to the recent developments still companies lack some of the basic issues that deal with the huge number of data. Future research directions To avoid the technical issues some important things are necessary to consider. The most important thing is to debug the errors in time. When the data amount is increasing, the pressure on the system as well as on the RAM is increased. When the system is not updated then suddenly it may react in a different way. When the size of the program is large, then it becomes difficult to find out the errors in time. When the system was updated then the errors are easy to find (Marchington et al., 2016). The Proper alerting mechanism should be maintained in the system. Every company is dealing with a huge number of clients on a daily basis where the HR is supposed to maintain the records of each client (Khanka, 2007). When one user is dealing with some other client outside of the organization and if any problems occur due to any reason related to the service then with the help of the acknowledgment the problems will be solved. It will give the emergency message or email immediately to the user to modify the fault. The records of the clients are not less in the system so it becomes difficult for the developer to realize the mistake later. So immediately the alert message helps to modify the fault out of thousands of data within a short period of time. The technologies are running on several platforms that are agile in nature. In this stage, the latest patch level is required. A proper communication between the user and the client is required. The codes that are developed by the developers are not easy to manipulate in a short period of time (Marchington et al., 2016). With the advancement in the technology, the process becomes easy now. The platform on which the codes are running always needs an update on regular basis. If it fails then the burden on the system increases which will ultimately lead to the failure of the device. To maintain a proper integration of the data between different levels of the employees, each database should maintain a separate schema for maintaining the user role, privilege, access and authentication. When some problem arises in the backend, then the user should be able to communicate directly with the vendor of that particular device. It will reduce the time to process the complete sequence and to overcome the loss easily. The involvement of any third party in the process will increase the time of the recovery of data. The data are transformed from one system to several other systems within seconds. So there is a chance of losing the data during the process. In order to avoid such problems, proper security maintenance is required. The system should be updated which will help to fight against the malware and viruses. With the increase in the data, the chances of viruses in the systems are also more. When the systems are updated then it obstructs the path of the viruses to enter into the device. So nowadays the companies are adopting the web-based application which helps to connect with several other devices in a secure manner with proper id passwords, and login page that helps in the data encryption. References Banerji, S. C. (2013). A Study of Issues Challenges of Implementation of Information Technology in HRM. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(4), 435-440. Bulmash, J. (2006). human resources Management and technology. Chelladurai, P., Kerwin, S. (2017). Human resource management in sport and recreation. Human Kinetics. Harel, G. H., Tzafrir, S. S. (1999). The effect of human resource management practices on the perceptions of organizational and market performance of the firm. Human resource management, 38(3), 185-199. Jain, V. K. (2014). Impact of Technology on HR Practices?. International journal of informative and futuristic research, pg, 24-37. Khanka, S. S. (2007). Human resource management. S. Chand Publishing. Ulrich, D., Brockbank, W., Yeung, A. K., Lake, D. G. (1995). Human resource competencies: An empirical assessment. Human Resource Management, 34(4), 473-495. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., Kynighou, A. (2016). Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals), 67. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016). Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Thite, M. (2013). Problems and prospects of technology as an enabler of strategic HRM